6-arylamino-5-cyano-4-pyrimidinones as pde9a inhibitors

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to novel 6-arylamino-5-cyano-4-pyrimidinones of formula (I) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     methods for the production thereof, and the use thereof for producing medicaments utilized for improving awareness, concentration, learning capacity, and/or retentiveness of memory. Said compounds (I) show activity as PDE9 inhibitors.

This application is continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.10/559,954, filed Sep. 28, 2006, which is a 371 of PCT/EP2004/006477,filed Jun. 16, 2004, which claims the benefit of German application 10328 479.6 filed Jun. 25, 2003, each of which is incorporated herein byreference.

The invention relates to novel 6-arylamino-5-cyano-4-pyrimidinones,process for their preparation, and the use thereof for producingmedicaments for improving perception, concentration, learning and/ormemory.

Inhibition of phosphordiesterases modulates the levels of the cyclicnucleotides 5′-3′ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 5′-3′ cyclicguanosine monophosphate (cGMP). These cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP)are important second messengers and therefore play a central role incellular signal transduction cascades. Each of them reactivates interalia, but not exclusively, protein kinases. The protein kinase activatedby cAMP is called protein kinase A (PKA), and the protein kinaseactivated by cGMP is called protein kinase G (PKG). Activated PKA andPKG are able in turn to phosphorylate a number of cellular effectorproteins (e.g. ion channels, G-protein-coupled receptors, structuralproteins). It is possible in this way for the second messengers cAMP andcGMP to control a wide variety of physiological processes in a widevariety of organs. However, the cyclic nucleotides are also able to actdirectly on effector molecules. Thus, it is known, for example, thatcGMP is able to act directly on ion channels and thus is able toinfluence the cellular ion concentration (review in: Wei et al., Prog.Neurobiol., 1998, 56: 37-64). The phosphodiesterases (PDE) are a controlmechanism for controlling the activity of cAMP and cGMP and thus in turnthese physiological processes. PDEs hydrolyze the cyclic monophosphatesto the inactive monophosphates AMP and GMP. At least 21 PDE genes havenow been described (Exp. Opin. Investig. Drugs 2000, 9, 1354-3784).These 21 PDE genes can be divided on the basis of their sequencehomology into 11 PDE families (for proposed nomenclature, seehttp://depts.washington.edu/pde/Nomenclature.html.). Individual PDEgenes within a family are differentiated by letters (e.g. PDE1A andPDE1B). If different splice variants within a gene also occur, this isthen indicated by an additional numbering after the letters (e.g.PDE1A1).

Human PDE9A was cloned and sequenced in 1998. The amino acid identitywith other PDEs does not exceed 34% (PDE8A) and is never less than 28%(PDE5A). With a Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of 170 nM, PDE9A has highaffinity for cGMP. In addition, PDE9A is selective for cGMP (Km forcAMP=230 μM). PDE9A has no cGMP binding domain, suggesting allostericenzyme regulation by cGMP. It was shown in a Western blot analysis thatPDE9A is expressed in humans inter alia in the testes, brain, smallintestine, skeletal muscle, heart, lung, thymus and spleen. The highestexpression was found in the brain, small intestine, heart and spleen(Fisher et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273 (25): 15559-15564). The genefor human PDE9A is located on chromosome 21q22.3 and comprises 21 exons.To date, 4 alternative splice variants of PDE9A have been identified(Guipponi et al., Hum. Genet., 1998, 103: 386-392). Classical PDEinhibitors do not inhibit human PDE9A. Thus, IBMX, dipyridamole,SKF94120, rolipram and vinpocetine show no inhibition on the isolatedenzyme in concentrations of up to 100 μM. An IC₅₀ of 35 μM has beendemonstrated for zaprinast (Fisher et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273(25): 15559-15564).

Murine PDE9A was cloned and sequenced in 1998 by Soderling et al. (J.Biol. Chem., 1998, 273 (19): 15553-15558). This has, like the humanform, high affinity for cGMP with a Km of 70 nM. Particularly highexpression was found in the mouse kidney, brain, lung and heart. MurinePDE9A is not inhibited by IBMX in concentrations below 200 μM either;the IC₅₀ for zaprinast is 29 μM (Soderling et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1998,273 (19): 15553-15558). It has been found that PDE9A is stronglyexpressed in some regions of the rat brain. These include olfactorybulb, hippocampus, cortex, basal ganglia and basal forebrain (Andreevaet al., J. Neurosci., 2001, 21 (22): 9068-9076). The hippocampus, cortexand basal forebrain in particular play an important role in learning andmemory processes.

As already mentioned above, PDE9A is distinguished by havingparticularly high affinity for cGMP. PDE9A is therefore active even atlow physiological concentrations, in contrast to PDE2A (Km=10 μM;Martins et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1982, 257: 1973-1979), PDE5A (Km=4 μM;Francis et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1980, 255: 620-626), PDE6A (Km=17 μM;Gillespie and Beavo, J. Biol. Chem., 1988, 263 (17): 8133-8141) andPDE11A (Km=0.52 μM; Fawcett et al., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 2000, 97 (7):3702-3707). In contrast to PDE2A (Murashima et al., Biochemistry, 1990,29: 5285-5292), the catalytic activity of PDE9A is not increased by cGMPbecause it has no GAF domain (cGMP-binding domain via which the PDEactivity is allosterically increased) (Beavo et al., Current Opinion inCell Biology, 2000, 12: 174-179). PDE9A inhibitors may therefore lead toan increase in the baseline cGMP concentration.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,256,668 discloses aminopyrimidine derivatives which areconspicuous as anti-viral agents and can be employed for the treatmentof respiratory syncytial virus.

WO 99/41253 describes pyrimidine derivatives which have an antiviraleffect and which can be employed in particular for the treatment ofhuman cytomegalovirus infections.

EP 130735 discloses aminopyrimidine derivatives which are conspicuous ascardiotonic agents.

The present invention relates to compounds of the formula

in which

-   A is C₁-C₈-alkyl, C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl, tetrahydrofuryl or    tetrahydropyranyl, which are optionally substituted by up to 3    radicals independently of one another selected from the group of    C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, hydroxycarbonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl,    trifluoromethoxy, amino, hydroxy, C₁-C₆-alkylamino, halogen,    C₁-C₆-alkylaminocarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl,    C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl and C₁-C₆-alkylthio,    -   where C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylamino,        C₁-C₆-alkylaminocarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl,        C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl and C₁-C₆-alkylthio are        optionally substituted by one or more radicals selected from the        group of hydroxy, cyano, halogen, hydroxycarbonyl and a group of        the formula —NR³R⁴,        -   where        -   R³ and R⁴ are independently of one another hydrogen or            C₁-C₆-alkyl,        -   or        -   R³ and R⁴ together with the nitrogen atom to which they are            bonded are 5- to 8-membered heterocyclyl,-   B is phenyl or heteroaryl which are optionally substituted by up to    3 radicals independently of one another selected from the group of    C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, hydroxycarbonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl,    trifluoromethoxy, amino, nitro, hydroxy, C₁-C₆-alkylamino, halogen,    C₁-C₆-alkylaminocarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl,    C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl and C₁-C₆-alkylthio,    -   where C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylamino,        C₁-C₆-alkylaminocarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl,        C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl and C₁-C₆-alkylthio are        optionally substituted by a radical selected from the group of        hydroxy, cyano, halogen, hydroxycarbonyl and a group of the        formula —NR³R⁴,        -   where        -   R³ and R⁴ have the abovementioned meanings,            and the salts, solvates and/or solvates of the salts            thereof.

The compounds of the invention may, depending on their structure, existin stereo-isomeric forms (enantiomers, diastereomers) and tautomericforms. The invention therefore relates to the enantiomers ordiastereomers and respective mixtures thereof. The stereoisomericallypure constituents can be isolated in a known manner from such mixturesof enantiomers and/or diastereomers.

Salts which are preferred for the purposes of the invention arephysiologically acceptable salts of the compounds of the invention.

Physiologically acceptable salts of the compounds (I) include acidaddition salts of mineral acids, carboxylic acids and sulfonic acids,e.g. salts of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid,phosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid,toluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, naphthalenedisulfonic acid,acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid,citric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid and benzoic acid.

Physiologically acceptable salts of the compounds (I) also include saltsof conventional bases such as, by way of example and preferably, alkalimetal salts (e.g. sodium and potassium salts), alkaline earth metalsalts (e.g. calcium and magnesium salts) and ammonium salts derived fromammonia or organic amines having 1 to 16 C atoms, such as, by way ofexample and preferably, ethylamine, diethylamine, tri-ethylamine,ethyldiisopropylamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine,triethanol-amine, dicyclohexylamine, dimethylaminoethanol, procaine,dibenzylamine, N-methylmorpholine, dehydroabietylamine, arginine,lysine, ethylenediamine and methylpiperidine.

Solvates refers for the purposes of the invention to those forms of thecompounds which form, in the solid or liquid state, a complex bycoordination with solvent molecules. Hydrates are a specific form ofsolvates in which the coordination takes place with water.

For the purposes of the present invention, the substituents have thefollowing meaning, unless specified otherwise:

C₁-C₈-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₅-alkyl and C₁-C₄-alkyl are astraight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 8, preferably 1 to6, particularly preferably 1 to 5 and 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Preferredexamples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, 2-butyl, 2-pentyland 3-pentyl.

C₁-C₆-alkoxy is a straight-chain or branched alkoxy radical having 1 to6, preferably 1 to 4, particularly preferably having 1 to 3 carbonatoms. Preferred examples include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy,isopropoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentoxy and n-hexoxy.

C₁-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl is a straight-chain or branched alkoxycarbonylradical having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 and particularly preferably 1to 3 carbon atoms. Preferred examples include methoxycarbonyl,ethoxycarbonyl, n-propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxy-carbonyl andtert-butoxycarbonyl.

C₁-C₆-alkylamino is a straight-chain or branched mono- or dialkylaminoradical having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 and particularly preferablyhaving 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Preferred examples include methylamino,ethylamino, n-propylamino, isopropylamino, tert-butylamino,n-pentylamino and n-hexylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino,di-n-propylamino, diisopropylamino, di-tert-butylamino,di-n-pentylamino, di-n-hexylamino, ethylmethylamino,isopropylmethylamino, n-butylethylamino and n-hexyl-1-pentylamino.

C₁-C₆-alkylaminocarbonyl is a mono- or dialkylamino radical which islinked via a carbonyl group, where the alkyl radicals may be identicalor different, are straight-chain or branched and each comprise 1 to 6,preferably 1 to 4, and particularly preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms.Preferred examples include methylaminocarbonyl, ethylaminocarbonyl,n-propylaminocarbonyl, isopropylaminocarbonyl, tert-butylaminocarbonyl,n-pentylaminocarbonyl, n-hexylaminocarbonyl, dimethylaminocarbonyl,diethylaminocarbonyl, di-n-propylaminocarbonyl,diisopropylaminocarbonyl, di-t-butylaminocarbonyl,di-n-pentylaminocarbonyl, di-n-hexylaminocarbonyl,ethylmethylaminocarbonyl, isopropylmethylaminocarbonyl,n-butylethylaminocarbonyl and n-hexyl-1-pentylaminocarbonyl. A furtherpossibility in the case of a dialkylamino radical is for the two alkylradicals to form together with the nitrogen atom to which they arebonded a 5- to 8-membered heterocyclyl.

C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl is a straight-chain or branched alkylcarbonylradical having 1 to 6 and preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples whichmay be mentioned are: acetyl, ethylcarbonyl, propylcarbonyl,isopropylcarbonyl, butylcarbonyl, isobutylcarbonyl, pentylcarbonyl andhexylcarbonyl. Acetyl and ethylcarbonyl are particularly preferred.

C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl is a straight-chain or branched alkylsulfonylradical having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 and particularly preferablyhaving 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Preferred examples include methylsulfonyl,ethylsulfonyl, n-propylsulfonyl, isopropylsulfonyl, tert-butylsulfonyl,n-pentylsulfonyl and n-hexylsulfonyl.

C₁-C₆-alkylthio is a straight-chain or branched alkylthio radical having1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 and particularly preferably having 1 to 3carbon atoms. Preferred examples include methylthio, ethylthio,n-propylthio, isopropylthio, tert-butylthio, n-pentylthio andn-hexylthio.

Halogen is fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Fluorine, chlorine,bromine are preferred, and fluorine and chlorine are particularlypreferred.

Heteroaryl is an aromatic, monocyclic radical having 5 to 6 ring atomsand up to 3 hetero atoms from the series S, O and/or N. 5- to 6-Memberedheteroaryls having up 2 hetero atoms are preferred. The heteroarylradical may be bonded via a carbon or nitrogen atom. Preferred examplesinclude thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl,tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl and pyridazinyl

3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl is saturated and partially unsaturatednonaromatic cyclo-alkyl radicals having 3 to 8, preferably 3 to 6 andparticularly preferably 5 to 6 carbon atoms in the ring. Preferredexamples include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl,cyclohexyl and cyclohexenyl.

5- to 8-membered heterocyclyl is a mono- or polycyclic, heterocyclicradical having 5 to 8 ring atoms and up to 3, preferably 2, hetero atomsor hetero groups from the series N, O, S, SO, SO₂. Mono- or bicyclicheterocyclyl is preferred. Monocyclic heterocyclyl is particularlypreferred. N and O are preferred as hetero atoms. The heterocyclylradicals may be saturated or partially unsaturated. Saturatedheterocyclyl radicals are preferred. 5- to 7-Membered heterocyclylradicals are particularly preferred. Preferred examples includeoxetan-3-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl, pyrrolidin-3-yl, pyrrolinyl,tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, pyranyl, piperidinyl, thiopyranyl,morpholinyl, perhydroazepinyl.

When radicals in the compounds of the invention are optionallysubstituted, unless otherwise specified substitution by up to threeidentical or different substituents is preferred.

A further embodiment of the invention relates to compounds of theformula (I)

in which

-   A is C₁-C₅-alkyl or C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, which are optionally    substituted by up to 3 radicals independently of one another    selected from the group of C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy,    hydroxycarbonyl, cyano, amino, hydroxy, C₁-C₄-alkylamino, fluorine,    chlorine, bromine, C₁-C₄-alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl,    C₁-C₄-alkylsulfonyl and C₁-C₄-alkylthio,    -   where C₁-C₄-alkyl and C₁-C₄-alkoxy are optionally substituted by        a radical selected from the group of hydroxy, cyano, fluorine,        chlorine, bromine, hydroxycarbonyl and a group of the formula        —NR³R⁴,        -   where        -   R³ and R⁴ are independently of one another hydrogen or            C₁-C₄-alkyl,        -   or        -   R³ and R⁴ together with the nitrogen atom to which they are            bonded are 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl,-   B is phenyl, thienyl or pyridyl, which are optionally substituted by    up to 3 radicals in each case independently of one another selected    from the group of C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, hydroxycarbonyl, cyano,    trifluoromethyl, trifluoro-methoxy, amino, hydroxy,    C₁-C₄-alkylamino, fluorine, chlorine, bromine,    C₁-C₄-alkylaminocarbonyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₄-alkylcarbonyl,    C₁-C₄-alkylsulfonyl and C₁-C₄-alkylthio,    -   where C₁-C₄-alkyl and C₁-C₄-alkoxy are optionally substituted by        a radical selected from the group of hydroxy, cyano, fluorine,        chlorine, bromine, hydroxycarbonyl and a group of the formula        —NR³R⁴,        -   where        -   R³ and R⁴ have the abovementioned meanings,            and the salts, solvates and/or solvates of the salts thereof

A further embodiment of the invention relates to compounds of theformula (I)

in which

-   A has the abovementioned meanings, and-   B is phenyl or pyridyl which are optionally substituted by up to 3    radicals in each case independently of one another selected from the    group of methyl, ethyl, 2-propyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy,    fluorine and chlorine,    -   where one of the radicals on the phenyl or pyridyl is located in        the ortho position relative to the attachment point of the amino        function,        and the salts, solvates and/or solvates of the salts thereof

A further embodiment of the invention relates to compounds of theformula (I)

in which

-   A is C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, and-   B has the abovementioned meanings,    and the salts, solvates and/or solvates of the salts thereof

A further embodiment of the invention relates to compounds of theformula (I)

in which

-   A is 2-methylpropyl, 2-butyl, 2-pentyl or 3-pentyl, and-   B has the abovementioned meanings,    and the salts, solvates and/or solvates of the salts thereof

A further embodiment of the invention relates to compounds of theformula (I)

in which

-   A is C₃-C₅-alkyl or C₅-C₆-cycloalkyl,-   B is phenyl, thienyl or pyridyl, which are optionally substituted by    up to 3 radicals in each case independently of one another selected    from the group of C₁-C₃-alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, methoxy,    ethoxy, cyano, dimethylamino, diethylamino, methoxycarbonyl,    ethoxycarbonyl, methylcarbonyl, ethyl-carbonyl, fluorine and    chlorine,    and the salts, solvates and/or solvates of the salts thereof.

A process for preparing the compounds of the invention of the formula(I) has addition-ally been found, characterized in that a compound ofthe formula

is initially converted with a compound of the formula

H₂N—B  (III)

in whichB has the abovementioned meanings,at elevated temperature in an inert solvent or else in the absence of asolvent into a compound of the formula

in whichB has the abovementioned meanings,and the latter is then reacted in an inert solvent in the presence of abase with a compound of the formula

in whichA has the abovementioned meanings,and the resulting compounds of the formula (I) are reacted whereappropriate with the appropriate (i) solvents and/or (ii) bases or acidsto give their solvates, salts and/or solvates of the salts.

The compound of the formula (II) is known from the literature (R.Gompper, W. Toepfl, Chem. Ber. 1962, 95, 2861-2870). The compounds ofthe formulae (III) and (V) are commercially available, known from theliterature or can be prepared in analogy to processes known from theliterature (see, for example, H. Gielen, C. Alonso-Alija, M. Hendrix, U.Niewohner, D. Schauss, Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 419-421).

Solvents suitable for process step (II)+(III)→(IV) are high-boiling,inert organic solvents which are not changed under the reactionconditions. These preferably include dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide or sulfolane. It is likewise possible to carry out thereaction without solvent in the melt. The reaction is particularlypreferably carried out without solvent or in dimethylformamide.

The reaction generally takes place in a temperature range from +100° C.to +200° C., preferably in a temperature range from +125° C. to +150° C.The reaction can be carried out under atmospheric, elevated or reducedpressure (e.g. from 0.5 to 5 bar). It is generally carried out underatmospheric pressure.

The compound of the formula (III) is in this case employed in an amountof from 1 to 2 mol, preferably in an equivalent amount of 1 mol, basedon 1 mol of the compound of the formula (II).

Solvents suitable for process step (IV)+(V)→(I) are the usual organicsolvents which are not changed under the reaction conditions. Thesepreferably include dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile,dioxane or alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol,n-butanol or tert-butanol. It is likewise possible to employ mixtures ofthe solvents mentioned. Dimethylformamide or acetonitrile isparticularly preferred.

The reaction generally takes place in a temperature range from +50° C.to +150° C., preferably in a temperature range from +70° C. to +100° C.The reaction can be carried out under atmospheric, elevated or reducedpressure (e.g. from 0.5 to 5 bar). It is generally carried out underatmospheric pressure.

Bases suitable for process step (IV)+(V)→(I) are preferably alkali metalcarbonates such as lithium, sodium, potassium or cesium carbonate ororganic amine bases such as, for example, pyridine, triethylamine,ethyldiisopropylamine, N-methylmorphiline or N-methylpiperidine.Potassium carbonate is particularly preferred.

The base is in this case employed in an amount of from 1.5 to 4 mol,preferably in an amount of from 1.5 to 2 mol, based on 1 mol of thecompound of the formula (IV). The compound of the formula (V) isemployed in an amount of from 1 to 1.5 mol, preferably in an amount of1.2 mol, based on 1 mol of the compound of the formula (IV).

The process of the invention can be illustrated for example by thefollowing formula diagram:

The compounds of the invention show a valuable range of pharmacologicaleffects which could not have been predicted. They are distinguished inparticular by inhibition of PDE9A.

It has surprisingly been found that the compounds of the invention aresuitable for producing medicaments for improving perception,concentration, learning or memory.

The compounds of the invention can, by reason of their pharmacologicalproperties, be employed alone or in combination with other medicamentsfor improving perception, concentration, learning and/or memory.

The compounds of the invention are particularly suitable for improvingperception, concentration, learning or memory after cognitiveimpairments like those occurring in particular insituations/diseases/syndromes such as mild cognitive impairment,age-associated learning and memory impairments, age-associated memorylosses, vascular dementia, craniocerebral trauma, stroke, dementiaoccurring after strokes (post-stroke dementia), post-traumatic dementia,general concentration impairments, concentration impairments in childrenwith learning and memory problems, Alzhei-mer's disease, Lewy bodydementia, dementia with degeneration of the frontal lobes, includingPick's syndrome, Parkinson's disease, progressive nuclear palsy,dementia with corticobasal degeneration, amyotropic lateral sclerosis(ALS), Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, thalamic degeneration,Creutzfeld-Jacob dementia, HIV dementia, schizophrenia with dementia orKorsakoff's psychosis.

The in vitro effect of the compounds of the invention can be shown withthe following biological assays:

PDE Inhibition

Recombinant PDE1C (GenBank/EMBL Accession Number: NM_(—)005020, Loughneyet al. J. Biol. Chem. 1996 271, 796-806), PDE2A (GenBank/EMBL AccessionNumber: NM_(—)002599, Rosman et al. Gene 1997 191, 89-95), PDE3B(GenBank/EMBL Accession Number: NM_(—)000922, Miki et al. Genomics 1996,36, 476-485), PDE4B (GenBank/EMBL Accession Number: NM_(—)002600,Obernolte et al. Gene. 1993, 129, 239-247), PDE5A (GenBank/EMBLAccession Number: NM_(—)001083, Loughney et al. Gene 1998, 216,139-147), PDE7B (GenBank/EMBL Accession Number: NM_(—)018945, Hetman etal. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2000, 97, 472-476), PDE8A(GenBank/EMBL Accession Number: AF_(—)056490, Fisher et al. Biochem.Biophys. Res. Commun. 1998, 246, 570-577), PDE9A (Fisher et al., J.Biol. Chem., 1998, 273 (25): 15559-15564), PDE10A (GenBank/EMBLAccession Number: NM_(—)06661, Fujishige et al. J Biol. Chem. 1999, 274,18438-45), PDE11A (GenBank/EMBL Accession Number: NM_(—)016953, Fawcettet al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2000, 97, 3702-3707) were expressed in Sf9cells with the aid of the pFASTBAC baculovirus expression system(GibcoBRL).

The test substances are dissolved in 100% DMSO and serially diluted todetermine their in vitro effect on PDE 9A. Typically, serial dilutionsfrom 200 μM to 1.6 μM are prepared (resulting final concentrations inthe assay: 4 μM to 0.032 μM). 2 μL portions of the diluted substancesolutions are introduced into the wells of microtiter plates (Isoplate;Wallac Inc., Atlanta, Ga.). Then 50 μL of a dilution of the PDE9Apreparation described above are added. The dilution of the PDE9Apreparation is chosen so that less than 70% of the substrate isconverted during the subsequent incubation (typical dilution: 1:10 000;dilution buffer: 50 mM Tris/HCl pH 7.5, 8.3 mM MgCl₂, 1.7 mM EDTA, 0.2%BSA). The substrate, [8-³H] guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic phosphate (1 μCi/μL;Amersham Pharmacia Biotech., Piscataway, N.J.) is diluted 1:2000 withassay buffer (50 mM Tris/HCl pH 7.5, 8.3 mM MgCl₂, 1.7 mM EDTA) to aconcentration of 0.0005 μCi/μL. The enzyme reaction is finally startedby adding 50 μL (0.025 μCi) of the diluted substrate. The assay mixturesare incubated at room temperature for 60 min and the reaction is stoppedby adding 25 μl of a PDE9A inhibitor (e.g. the inhibitor frompreparation example 1, final concentration 10 μM) dissolved in assaybuffer. Immediately thereafter, 25 μL of a suspension containing 18mg/mL Yttrium Scintillation Proximity Beads (Amersham PharmaciaBiotech., Piscataway, N.J.) are added. The microtiter plates are sealedwith a film and left to stand at room temperature for 60 min. The platesare then measured for 30 s per well in a Microbeta scintillation counter(Wallac Inc., Atlanta, Ga.). IC₅₀ values are determined from thegraphical plot of the substance concentration versus the percentageinhibition.

Representative examples of the PDE9A-inhibiting effect of the compoundsof the invention are listed in Tables 1 and 2 on the basis of the IC₅₀values:

TABLE 1 Inhibition of PDE isoenzymes by Example 3 Isoenzyme Species IC₅₀[nM] PDE1C human >4000 PDE2A human >4000 PDE3B human >4000 PDE4Bhuman >4000 PDE5A human 1400 PDE7A human >4000 PDE8A human >4000 PDE9Ahuman 52 PDE10A human >4000

TABLE 2 PDE9A-inhibiting effect of compounds of the invention ExampleIC₅₀ [nM] 1 75 3 52 7 54 14 75 23 87

The in vitro effect of test substances on recombinant PDE3B, PDE4B,PDE7B, PDE8A, PDE10A and PDE11A is determined in accordance with theassay protocol described above for PDE 9A with the followingadaptations: [5′,8-³H] adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic phosphate (1 μCi/μL;Amersham Pharmacia Biotech., Piscataway, N.J.) is used as substrate.Addition of an inhibitor solution to stop the reaction is unnecessary.Instead, the incubation of substrate and PDE is followed immediately byaddition of the yttrium scintillation proximity beads as described aboveand thus the reaction is stopped. To determine a corresponding effect onrecombinant PDE1C, PDE2A and PDE5A, the protocol is additionally adaptedas follows: with PDE1C, additionally 10⁻⁷ M calmodulin and 3 mM CaCl₂are added to the reaction mixture. PDE2A is stimulated in the assay byadding 1 μM cGMP and is assayed with a BSA concentration of 0.01%. Thesubstrate employed for PDE1C and PDE2A is [5′,8-³H] adenosine3′,5′-cyclic phosphate (1 μCi/μL; Amersham Pharmacia Biotech.,Piscataway, N.J.), and for PDE5A is [8-³H] guanosine 3′,5′-cyclicphosphate (1 μCi/μL; Amersham Pharmacia Biotech., Piscataway, N.J.).

Long-Term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation is regarded as a cellular correlate of learningand memory processes. The following method can be used to determinewhether PDE 9 inhibition has an influence on long-term potentiation:

Rat hippocampi are placed at an angle of about 70 degrees to the cuttingblade (chopper). 400 μm-thick slices of the hippocampus are prepared.The slices are removed from the blade using a very soft, thoroughlywetted brush (marten hair) and transferred into a glass vessel with coldnutrient solution (124 mM NaCl, 4.9 mM KCl, 1.3 mM MgSO₄×7H₂O, 2.5 mMCaCl²⁺ anhydrous, 1.2 mM KH₂PO₄, 25.6 mM NaHCO₃, 10 mM glucose, pH 7.4)gassed with 95% O₂/5% CO₂. During the measurement, the slices are keptin a temperature-controlled chamber under a 1-3 mm-high liquid level.The flow rate is 2.5 ml/min. The preliminary gassing takes place under aslightly elevated pressure (about 1 atm) and through a microneedle inthe prechamber. The slice chamber is connected to the prechamber in sucha way that a minicirculation can be maintained. The minicirculation isdriven by the 95% O₂/5% CO₂ flowing out through the microneedle. Thefreshly prepared hippocampus slices are adapted in the slice chamber at33° C. for at least 1 hour.

The stimulus level is chosen so that the focal excitatory postsynapticpotentials (fEPSP) are 30% of the maximum excitatory postsynapticpotential (EPSP). A monopolar stimulation electrode consisting oflacquered stainless steel, and a constant-current biphasic stimulusgenerator (AM Systems 2100) are used for local stimulation of theSchaffer collaterals (voltage: 1-5 V, pulse width of one polarity 0.1ms, total pulse 0.2 ms). Glass electrodes (borosilicate glass withfilament, 1-5 MOhm, diameter: 1.5 mm, tip diameter: 3-20 μm), filledwith normal nutrient solution, are used to record the excitatorypostsynaptic potentials (fEPSP) from the stratum radiatum. The fieldpotentials are measured versus a chlorinated silver reference electrodelocated at the edge of the slice chamber using a DC voltage amplifier.The field potentials are filtered through a low-pass filter (5 kHz). Theslope of the fEPSPs (FEPSP slope) is determined for the statisticalanalysis of the experiments. The recording, analysis and control of theexperiment takes place with the aid of a software program (PWIN) whichwas developed in the Department of Neurophysiology. The formation of theaverage fEPSP slopes at the respective time points and construction ofthe diagrams takes place with the aid of the EXCEL software, withautomatic data recording by an appropriate macro.

Superfusion of the hippocampus slices with a 10 μM solution of thecompounds of the invention leads to a significant increase in the LTP.

The in vivo effect of the compounds of the invention can be shown forexample as follows:

Social Recognition Test

The social recognition test is a learning and memory test. It measuresthe ability of rats to distinguish between known and unknown members ofthe same species. This test is therefore suitable for examining thelearning- or memory-improving effect of the compounds of the invention.

Adult rats housed in groups are placed singly in test cages 30 minbefore the start of the test. Four min before the start of the test, thetest animal is put in an observation box. After this adaptation time, ajuvenile animal is put in with the test animal and the absolute time forwhich the adult animal inspects the young one is measured for 2 min(trial 1). All behaviors clearly directed at the young animal aremeasured, i.e. anogenital inspection, pursuit and grooming, during whichthe old animal was no further than 1 cm from the young animal. Thejuvenile is then removed, and the adult is treated with a compound ofthe invention or vehicle and subsequently returned to its own cage. Thetest is repeated after a retention time of 24 hours (trial 2). Adiminished social interaction time compared with trial 1 indicates thatthe adult rat remembers the young animal.

The adult animals receive intraperitoneal injections either within adefined time period (e.g. one hour) before trial 1 or directly followingtrial 1 either with vehicle (10% ethanol, 20% Solutol, 70% physiologicalsaline) or 0.1 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg or 3.0 mg/kg compound of theinvention dissolved in 10% ethanol, 20% Solutol, 70% physiologicalsaline. Vehicle-treated rats show no reduction in the social interactiontime in trial 2 compared with trial 1. They have consequently forgottenthat they have already had contact with the young animal. Surprisingly,the social interaction time in the second run after treatment with thecompounds of the invention is significantly reduced compared with thosetreated with vehicle. This means that the substance-treated rats haveremembered the juvenile animal and thus the compounds of the inventiondisplay an improving effect on learning and memory.

The novel active ingredients can be converted in a known manner intoconventional formulations such as tablets, coated tablets, pills,granules, aerosols, syrups, emul-sions, suspensions and solutions, byuse of inert, nontoxic, pharmaceutically suitable carriers or solvents.In these cases, the therapeutically effective compound is to be presentin each case in a concentration of about 0.5 to 90% by weight in thecomplete mixture, i.e. in amounts which are sufficient to achieve theindicated dosage range.

The formulations can be produced for example by diluting the activeingredients with solvents and/or carriers, where appropriate with use ofemulsifiers and/or dispersants, it being possible for example in thecase where water is used as diluent where appropriate to use organicsolvents as auxiliary solvents.

Administration takes place in a conventional way, preferably orally,transdermally or parenterally, especially perlingually or intravenously.However, it can also take place by inhalation through the mouth or nose,for example with the aid of a spray, or topically via the skin.

It has generally proved to be advantageous to administer amounts ofabout 0.001 to 10, on oral administration preferably about 0.005 to 3,mg/kg of body weight to achieve effective results.

It may nevertheless be necessary where appropriate to deviate from thestated amounts, in particular as a function of the body weight or thenature of the adminis-tration route, the individual response to themedicament, the nature of its formulation and the time or interval overwhich administration takes place. Thus, it may be sufficient in somecases to make do with less than the aforementioned minimum amount,whereas in other cases the stated upper limit must be exceeded. Iflarger amounts are administered, it may be advisable to divide theseinto a plurality of single doses over the day.

Unless indicated otherwise, all stated amounts refer to percentages byweight. Solvent ratios, dilution ratios and concentrations stated forliquid/liquid solutions are based in each case on volume. The statement“w/v” means “weight/volume”. Thus, for example, “10% w/v” means 100 mlof solution or suspension contain 10 g of substance.

ABBREVIATIONS

-   DMF N,N-dimethylformamide-   DMSO dimethylsulfoxide-   ESI electrospray ionization (in MS)-   h hour(s)-   HPLC high pressure, high performance liquid chromatography-   LC-MS coupled liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy-   min minutes-   MS mass spectroscopy-   NMR nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-   RT room temperature-   R_(t) retention time (in HPLC)-   THF tetrahydrofuran

HPLC and LC-MS Methods: Method 1:

Instrument: Micromass Quattro LCZ, with HPLC Agilent series 1100;column: Grom-Sil 1200DS-4 HE, 50 mm×2.0 mm, 3 μm; eluent A: 1 l ofwater+1 ml of 50% formic acid, eluent B: 1 l of acetonitrile+1 ml of 50%formic acid; gradient: 0.0 min 100% A→0.2 min 100% A→2.9 min 30% A→3.1min 10% A→4.5 min 10% A; oven: 55° C.; flow rate: 0.8 ml/min; UVdetection: 208-400 nm.

Method 2:

MS instrument type: Micromass ZQ; HPLC instrument type: Waters Alliance2795; column: Phenomenex Synergi 2μ Hydro-RP Mercury 20 mm×4 mm; eluentA: 1 l of water+0.5 ml of 50% formic acid, eluent B: 1 l ofacetonitrile+0.5 ml of 50% formic acid; gradient: 0.0 min 90% A flowrate 1 ml/min→2.5 min 30% A flow rate 2 ml/min→3.0 min 5% A flow rate 2ml/min→4.5 min 5% A flow rate 2 ml/min; oven: 50° C.; UV detection: 210nm.

Method 3:

MS instrument type: Micromass ZQ; HPLC instrument type: HP 1100 series,UV DAD; column: Grom-Sil 1200DS-4 HE 50 mm×2 mm, 3.0 μm; eluent A:water+500 μl of 50% formic acid/l, eluent B: acetonitrile+500 μl of 50%formic acid/l; gradient: 0.0 min 0% B→2.9 min 70% B→3.1 min 90%→4.5 min90% B; oven: 50° C.; flow rate: 0.8 ml/min; UV detection: 210 nm.

Method 4:

MS instrument type: Micromass ZQ; HPLC instrument type: Waters Alliance2795; column: Merck Chromolith SpeedROD RP-18e 50 mm×4.6 mm; eluent A:water+500 μl of 50% strength formic acid/l, eluent B: acetonitrile+500μl of 50% formic acid/l, gradient: 0.0 min 10% B→3.0 min 95% B→4.0 min95% B; oven: 35° C.; flow rate: 0.0 min 1.0 ml/min→3.0 min 3.0ml/min→4.0 min 3.0 ml/min; UV detection: 210 nm.

Method 5:

MS instrument type: Micromass ZQ; HPLC instrument type: HP 1100 series;UV DAD; column: Phenomenex Synergi 2μ Hydro-RP Mercury 20 mm×4 mm;eluent A: 1 l of water+0.5 ml of 50% formic acid, eluent B: 1 l ofacetonitrile+0.5 ml of 50% formic acid; gradient: 0.0 min 90% A flowrate 1 ml/min→2.5 min 30% A flow rate 2 ml/min→3.0 min 5% A flow rate 2ml/min→4.5 min 5% A flow rate 2 ml/min; oven: 50° C.; UV detection: 210nm.

Method 6:

Instrument: Micromass Quattro LCZ with HPLC Agilent series 1100; column:Phenomex Synergi 2μ Hydro-RP Mercury 20 mm×4 mm; eluent A: 1 l ofwater+0.5 ml of 50% formic acid, eluent B: 1 l of acetonitrile+0.5 ml of50% formic acid; gradient: 0.0 min 90% A flow rate 1 ml/min→2.5 min 30%A flow rate 2 ml/min→3.0 min 5% A flow rate 2 ml/min→4.5 min 5% A flowrate 2 ml/min; oven: 50° C.; UV detection: 208-400 nm.

Method 7:

MS instrument type: Micromass ZQ; HPLC instrument type: Waters Alliance2790; column: Grom-Sil 1200DS-4 HE 50 mm×2 mm, 3.0 μm; eluent A:water+500 μl of 50% formic acid/l, eluent B: acetonitrile+500 μl of 50%formic acid/l; gradient: 0.0 min 5% B→2.0 min 40% B→4.5 min 90% B→5.5min 90% B; oven: 45° C.; flow rate: 0.0 min 0.75 ml/min→4.5 min 0.75ml/min→5.5 min 1.25 ml/min; UV detection: 210 nm.

Method 8:

Instrument: HP 1100 with DAD detection; column: Kromasil RP-18, 60 mm×2mm, 3.5 μm; eluent A: 5 ml of HclO₄/H₂O, eluent B:→acetonitrile;gradient: 0 min 2% B→0.5 min 2% B→4.5 min 90% B→6.5 min 90% B; flowrate: 0.75 ml/min; temperature: 30° C.; UV detection 210 nm.

Method 9:

Instrument: Micromass Platform LCZ with HPLC Agilent series 1100;column: Phenomenex Synergi 2μ Hydro-RP Mercury 20 mm×4 mm; eluent A: 1 lof water+0.5 ml of 50% formic acid, eluent B: 1 l of acetonitrile+0.5 mlof 50% formic acid; gradient: 0.0 min 90% A flow rate 1 ml/min→2.5 min30% A flow rate 2 ml/min→3.0 min 5% A flow rate 2 ml/min→4.5 min 5% Aflow rate 2 ml/min; oven: 50° C.; UV detection: 210 nm.

Method 10:

MS instrument type: Micromass ZQ; HPLC instrument type: Waters Alliance2790; column: Grom-Sil 120 ODS-4 HE 50 mm×2 mm, 3.0 μm; eluent A:water+500 μl of 50% formic acid/l, eluent B: acetonitrile+500 μl of 50%formic acid/l; gradient: 0.0 min 0% B→0.2 min 0% B→2.9 min 70% B→3.1 min90% B→4.5 min 90% B; oven: 45° C.; flow rate: 0.8 ml/min; UV detection:210 nm.

Starting Compounds: EXAMPLE 1A 2-Cyclopentylethanamidine hydrochloride

In an argon atmosphere, 58.2 g (1.09 mol) of ammonium chloride aresuspended in 350 ml of toluene and cooled to 0° C. 544 ml of a 2Msolution of trimethylaluminum in toluene are added dropwise, and themixture is then stirred at RT for 2 h. 34 g (217 mmol) of ethylcylopentylacetate are then added. The mixture is then stirred at 80° C.overnight. After cooling to 0° C., 400 ml of methanol are addeddropwise, and then the resulting solid is filtered off with suction. Itis thoroughly washed with methanol several times, and the combinedfiltrates are concentrated in vacuo. The residue is suspended indichloromethane/methanol 10:1 and the insoluble solid is again removed.The filtrate then obtained is concentrated and affords 23 g (65% oftheory) of the desired product.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=127 [M+H]⁺ (free base).

2-Cyclohexylethanamidine hydrochloride and 3-methylpentanamidinehydrochloride are prepared in analogy to Example 1A from the respectiveesters in a yield of 56% and 61% respectively (see also H. Gielen, C.Alonso-Alija, M. Hendrix, U. Niewöhner, D. Schauss, Tetrahedron Lett.,2002, 43, 419-421).

EXAMPLE 2A Methyl2-cyano-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)amino]-3-(methylsulfanyl)-2-propenoate

0.5 g (4.5 mmol) of 4-fluoroaniline is thoroughly mixed with 0.91 g (4.5mmol) of methyl 3,3-bis(methylthio)-2-cyanoacrylate (R. Gompper, W.Toepfl, Chem. Ber. 1962, 95, 2861-2870). The reaction mixture is heatedat 150° C. for 2 h, resulting in a melt. After cooling, a pale solid isobtained and is washed several times with methanol. 0.68 g (55.7% oftheory) of the desired product is obtained.

LC-MS (method 1): R_(t)=2.6 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=267 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 3A Methyl2-cyano-3-[(4-methyl-3-pyridinyl)amino]-3-(methylsulfanyl)-2-propenoate

In analogy to the preparation of Example 2A, 1.4 g (29.6% of theory) ofthe title compound are obtained as a solid from 2.0 g (18.49 mmol) of3-amino-4-methyl-pyridine and 3.76 g (18.49 mmol) of methyl3,3-bis(methylthio)-2-cyanoacrylate.

EXAMPLE 4A Methyl2-cyano-3-[(3-fluorophenyl)amino]-3-(methylsulfanyl)-2-propenoate

In analogy to the preparation of Example 2A, 0.43 g (36% of theory) ofthe title compound is obtained as a solid from 0.5 g (4.5 mmol) of3-fluoroaniline and 0.91 g (4.5 mmol) of methyl3,3-bis(methylthio)-2-cyanoacrylate.

LC-MS (method 1): R_(t)=2.63 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=267 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 5A Methyl2-cyano-3-[(3-chlorophenyl)amino]-3-(methylsulfanyl)-2-propenoate

In analogy to the preparation of Example 2A, 0.53 g (48% of theory) ofthe title compound is obtained as a solid from 0.5 g (3.9 mmol) of3-chloroaniline and 0.79 g (3.9 mmol) of methyl3,3-bis(methylthio)-2-cyanoacrylate.

LC-MS (method 1): R_(t)=2.78 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=283 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 6A Methyl2-cyano-3-[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]-3-(methylsulfanyl)-2-propenoate

In analogy to the preparation of Example 2A, 0.47 g (41% of theory) ofthe title compound is obtained as a solid from 0.5 g (4.0 mmol) of3-methoxyaniline and 0.8 g (4.0 mmol) of methyl3,3-bis(methylthio)-2-cyanoacrylate.

LC-MS (method 1): R_(t)=2.63 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=279 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 7A Methyl2-cyano-3-[(3-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)amino]-3-(methylsulfanyl)-2-propenoate

In analogy to the preparation of Example 2A, 0.15 g (34% of theory) ofthe title compound is obtained as a solid from 0.2 g (1.59 mmol) of3-fluoro-2-methylaniline and 0.32 g (1.59 mmol) of methyl3,3-bis(methylthio)-2-cyanoacrylate.

LC-MS (method 6): R_(t)=2.5 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=281 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 8A Methyl2-cyano-3-[(2,5-dimethylphenyl)amino]-3-(methylsulfanyl)-2-propenoate

In analogy to the preparation of Example 2A, 0.9 g (75% of theory) ofthe title compound is obtained as a solid from 0.54 g (4.4 mmol) of2,5-dimethylaniline and 0.9 g (4.4 mmol) of methyl3,3-bis(methylthio)-2-cyanoacrylate.

LC-MS (method 1): R_(t)=2.91 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=277 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 9A Methyl2-cyano-3-[(2-methoxyphenyl)amino]-3-(methylsulfanyl)-2-propenoate

In analogy to the preparation of Example 2A, 0.9 g (67% of theory) ofthe title compound is obtained as a solid from 0.6 g (5.0 mmol) of2-methoxyaniline and 1.0 g (5.0 mmol) of methyl3,3-bis(methylthio)-2-cyanoacrylate.

LC-MS (method 7): R_(t)=3.01 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=279 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ=2.28 (s, 3H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.84 (s, 3H),7.00 (m, 1H), 7.17 (m, 1H), 7.33 (m, 1H), 7.41 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 10A Methyl2-cyano-3-[(4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)amino]-3-(methylsulfanyl)-2-propenoate

In analogy to the preparation of Example 2A, 0.7 g (50% of theory) ofthe title compound is obtained as a solid from 0.62 g (5.0 mmol) of2-methyl-4-fluoroaniline and 1.01 g (5.0 mmol) of methyl3,3-bis(methylthio)-2-cyanoacrylate.

LC-MS (method 4): R_(t)=2.28 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=281 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ=2.22 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 3.70 (s, 3H),7.11 (m, 1H), 7.23 (m, 1H), 7.33 (m, 1H), 7.34 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 11A Methyl2-cyano-3-[(2-methylphenyl)amino]-3-(methylsulfanyl)-2-propenoate

In analogy to the preparation of Example 2A, 2.5 g (63% of theory) ofthe title compound are obtained as a solid from 1.6 g (15.0 mmol) of2-methylaniline and 3.01 g (15.0 mmol) of methyl3,3-bis(methylthio)-2-cyanoacrylate.

LC-MS (method 7): R_(t)=3.08 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=263 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ=2.27 (s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 3.70 (s, 3H),7.28 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 12A Methyl2-cyano-3-(methylsulfanyl)-3-[(2-propylphenyl)amino]-2-propenoate

In analogy to the preparation of Example 2A, 0.7 g (61% of theory) ofthe title compound is obtained as a solid from 0.5 g (3.7 mmol) of2-propylaniline and 0.7 g (3.7 mmol) of methyl3,3-bis(methylthio)-2-cyanoacrylate.

LC-MS (method 3): R_(t)=3.52 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=291 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 13A Methyl2-cyano-3-(methylsulfanyl)-3-(3-pyridinylamino)-2-propenoate

1.39 g (14.8 mmol) of 3-aminopyridine are dissolved in 50 ml of THF,cooled to −20° C., and 7.4 ml of a 2M solution of n-butyllithium inhexane are added. After stir-ring for 15 min, 2.00 g (9.84 mmol) ofmethyl 3,3-bis(methylthio)-2-cyanoacrylate are added. The mixture iswarmed to room temperature while stirring and then hydrolyzed withice-water. The product is extracted with dichloromethane. After dryingover sodium sulfate, the solvent is removed in vacuo and the residue ispurified by preparative HPLC. 0.44 g (18.1% of theory) of the desiredproduct is obtained.

HPLC (method 8): R_(t)=3.06 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=250 [M+H]⁺, 272 [M+Na]⁺.

EXAMPLE 14A (3S)-3-Methylpentanenitrile

5 g (29.78 mmol) of (2S)-2-methylbutyl methanesulfonate are heated with1.5 g (44.66 mmol) of sodium cyanide in 15 ml of dimethylformamide at80° C. overnight. Cooling to room temperature is followed by dilutionwith 150 ml of water and extraction five times with diethyl ether. Thecombined organic phases are washed with water and with saturated sodiumchloride solution. After drying over sodium sulfate, the solvent isremoved in vacuo at room temperature. 2.3 g (67% of theory) of crudeproduct are obtained and employed without further purification in thenext stage.

¹H-NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ=0.87 (t, 3H), 0.92 (d, 3H), 1.30 (m, 2H),1.67 (m, 1H), 2.42 (dd, 2H).

EXAMPLE 15A (3S)-3-Methylpentanamidine hydrochloride

In an argon atmosphere, 1.1 g (20.5 mmol) of ammonium chloride aresuspended in 20 ml of toluene and cooled to 0° C. 10.29 ml of a 2Msolution of trimethylaluminum in toluene are added dropwise, and themixture is then stirred at RT for 2 h. 1 g (10.29 mmol) of(3S)-3-methylpentanenitrile is then added. The mixture is then stirredat 80° C. overnight. After cooling to 0° C., 40 ml of methanol are addeddropwise, and then the resulting solid is filtered off with suction. Itis thoroughly washed with methanol several times, and the combinedfiltrates are concentrated in vacuo. The residue is suspended indichloromethane/methanol 10:1 and the insoluble solid is again removed.The filtrate then obtained is concentrated and affords 1.01 g (64% oftheory) of the desired product.

LC-MS (method 2): R_(t)=0.31 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=115 [M+H]⁺ (free base).

EXAMPLE 16A Methyl2-cyano-3-[(5-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)amino]-3-(methylsulfanyl)-2-propenoate

In analogy to the preparation of Example 2A, 1.7 g (52% of theory) ofthe title compound are obtained as a solid from 1.5 g (11.98 mmol) of5-fluoro-2-methyl-aniline and 2.4 g (11.98 mmol) of methyl3,3-bis(methylthio)-2-cyanoacrylate.

LC-MS (method 6): R_(t)=2.49 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=281 [M+H]⁺.

EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Example 12-(Cyclopentylmethyl)-4-[(fluorophenyl)amino]6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-5-pyrimidine-carbonitrile

0.1 g (0.37 mmol) of methyl2-cyano-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)amino]-3-(methylsulfanyl)-2-propenoate, 0.07g (0.41 mmol) of 2-cyclopentylethanamidine hydrochloride and 0.11 g(0.82 mmol) of potassium carbonate are heated in 1 ml ofdimethylformamide at 90° overnight. After filtration, the filtrate isacidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid, whereupon the productprecipitates. Washing with water several times and drying under highvacuum results in 54 mg (46% of theory) of the product as a colorlesssolid.

LC-MS (method 1): R_(t)=2.86 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=313 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ=1.13 (m, 2H), 1.56 (m, 6H), 2.15 (m, 1H),2.44 (d, 2H), 7.15 (dd, 2H), 7.41 (dd, 2H), 9.66 (s, 1H), 12.36 (s, 1H).

Example 22-(Cyclopentylmethyl)-4-[(4-methyl-3-pyridinyl)amino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-5-pyrimidinecarbonitrile

0.2 g (0.76 mmol) of methyl2-cyano-3-[(4-methyl-3-pyridinyl)amino]-3-(methyl-sulfanyl)-2-propenoateare dissolved with 0.13 g (0.85 mmol) of 2-cyclopentylethanamidinehydrochloride and 0.23 g (1.67 mmol) of potassium carbonate in 4 ml ofDMF and stirred at 90° C. for 3 days. After cooling, the product ispurified by preparative HPLC (YMC Gel ODS-AQ S 5/15 μm; eluent A: water,eluent B: aceto-nitrile; gradient: 0 min 30% B, 5 min 30% B, 50 min 95%B) purified. 60 mg (25% of theory) of the product are obtained.

LC-MS (method 5): R_(t)=1.57 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=310 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ=1.04 (m, 2H), 1.51 (m, 6H), 2.01 (m, 1H),2.28 (s, 3H), 2.39 (d, 2H), 7.51 (d, 1H), 8.41 (d, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H),12.41 (s, 1H).

Example 32-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-4-[(4-methyl-3-pyridinyl)amino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-5-pyrimidinecarbonitrile

0.4 g (1.51 mmol) of methyl2-cyano-3-[(4-methyl-3-pyridinyl)amino]-3-(methyl-sulfanyl)-2-propenoateare dissolved with 0.29 g (1.67 mmol) of 2-cyclohexylethanamidinehydrochloride and 0.46 g (3.3 mmol) of potassium carbonate in 5 ml ofDMF and heated at 90° C. for 7 days. After cooling and filtration, theproduct is purified by preparative HPLC (YMC Gel ODS-AQ S 5/15 μm;eluent A; water, eluent B: acetonitrile, gradient: 0 min 30% B, 5 min30% B, 50 min 95% B) purified. 433 mg (88% of theory) of the product areobtained.

LC-MS (method 5): R_(t)=1.47 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=324 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ=0.88 (m, 2H), 1.09 (m, 3H), 1.56 (m, 6H),2.28 (d, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 8.53 (d, 1H), 8.61 (s, 1H);9.79 (s, 1H).

Example 42-(Cyclopentylmethyl)-4-[(3-fluorophenyl)amino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-5-pyrimidine-carbonitrile

0.1 g (0.37 mmol) of methyl2-cyano-3-[(3-fluorophenyl)amino]-3-(methylsulfanyl)-2-propenoate and0.06 g (0.41 mmol) of 2-cyclopentylethanamidine hydrochloride aredissolved in 1 ml of DMF and heated with 0.11 g (0.82 mmol) of potassiumcarbonate at 90° C. overnight. After filtration, the solvent is removedin vacuo and the residue is purified by preparative HPLC (YMC Gel ODS-AQS 5/15 μm; eluent A: water, eluent B: acetonitrile; gradient: 0 min 30%B, 5 min 30% B, 50 min 95% B) purified. 70 mg (59% of theory) of theproduct are obtained as a colorless solid.

LC-MS (method 1): R_(t)=2.9 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=313 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ=1.16 (m, 2H), 1.53 (m, 4H), 1.71 (m, 2H),2.21 (m, 1H), 2.46 (d, 2H), 6.88 (m, 1H), 7.31 (m, 2H), 7.44 (m, 1H).

Example 54-[(3-Chlorophenyl)amino]-2-(cyclopentylmethyl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-5-pyrimidine-carbonitrile

In analogy to the preparation of Example 4, 45 mg (39% of theory) of thetitle compound are obtained as a colorless solid from 0.1 g (0.35 mmol)of methyl2-cyano-3-[(3-chlorophenyl)amino]-3-(methylsulfanyl)-2-propenoate, 0.06g (0.38 mmol) of 2-cyclopentylethanamidine hydrochloride and 0.1 g (0.79mmol) of potassium carbonate.

LC-MS (method 1): R_(t)=3.06 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=329 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ=1.14 (m, 2H), 1.55 (m, 4H), 1.71 (m, 2H),2.19 (m, 1H), 2.46 (d, 2H), 7.19 (m, 1H), 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.63 (m, 1H),9.78 (br. S, 1H), 12.49 (br. S, 1H).

Example 62-(Cyclopentylmethyl)-4-[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-5-pyrimidinecarbonitrile

In analogy to the preparation of Example 4, 40 mg (42% of theory) of thetitle compound are obtained as a colorless solid from 0.08 g (0.28 mmol)of methyl2-cyano-3-[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]-3-(methylsulfanyl)-2-propenoate, 0.05g (0.31 mmol) of 2-cyclopentylethanamidine hydrochloride and 0.09 g(0.63 mmol) of potassium carbonate.

LC-MS (method 1): R_(t)=2.84 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=325 [M+H]⁺.

Example 72-(Cyclopentylmethyl)-4-[(3-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)amino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-5-pyrimidinecarbonitrile

In analogy to the preparation of Example 4, 31 mg (35% of theory) of thetitle compound are obtained as a colorless solid from 0.075 g (0.27mmol) of methyl2-cyano-3-[(3-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)amino]-3-(methylsulfanyl)-2-propenoate,0.047 g (0.29 mmol) of 2-cyclopentylethanamidine hydrochloride and 0.081g (0.59 mmol) of potassium carbonate.

LC-MS (method 6): R_(t)=2.37 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=327 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ=1.08 (m, 2H), 1.43 (m, 4H), 1.55 (m, 2H),2.04 (m, 1H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 2.39 (d, 2H), 7.05 (m, 2H), 7.20 (m, 1H),9.60 (s, 1H), 12.30 (s, 1H).

Example 82-(Cyclopentylmethyl)-4-[(2,5-dimethylphenyl)amino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-5-pyrimidinecarbonitrile

In analogy to the preparation of Example 4, 53 mg (45% of theory) of thetitle compound are obtained as a colorless solid from 0.1 g (0.37 mmol)of methyl2-cyano-3-[(2,5-dimethylphenyl)amino]-3-(methylsulfanyl)-2-propenoate,0.06 g (0.39 mmol) of 2-cyclopentylethanamidine hydrochloride and 0.1 g(0.79 mmol) of potassium carbonate.

LC-MS (method 10): R_(t)=3.39 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=323 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ=1.10 (m, 2H), 1.43 (m, 4H), 1.62 (m, 2H),2.04 (m, 1H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.36 (d, 2H), 6.98 (m, 1H),7.09 (m, 2H), 9.15 (br. s, 1H), 12.19 (br. s, 1H).

Example 92-(Cyclopentylmethyl)-4-[(2-methoxyphenyl)amino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-5-pyrimidinecarbonitrile

In analogy to the preparation of Example 4, 62 mg (26% of theory) of thetitle compound are obtained as a colorless solid from 0.2 g (0.71 mmol)of methyl2-cyano-3-[(2-methoxyphenyl)amino]-3-(methylsulfanyl)-2-propenoate, 0.13g (0.79 mmol) of 2-cyclopentylethanamidine hydrochloride and 0.22 g(1.58 mmol) of potassium carbonate.

LC-MS (method 1): R_(t)=2.92 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=325 [M+H]⁺.

Example 102-(Cyclopentylmethyl)-4-[(4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)amino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-5-pyrimidinecarbonitrile

In analogy to the preparation of Example 4, 54 mg (46% of theory) of thetitle compound are obtained as a colorless solid from 0.1 g (0.36 mmol)of methyl2-cyano-3-[(4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)amino]-3-(methylsulfanyl)-2-propenoate,0.06 g (0.39 mmol) of 2-cyclopentylethanamidine hydrochloride and 0.1 g(0.78 mmol) of potassium carbonate.

LC-MS (method 3): R_(t)=2.98 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=327 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ=1.09 (m, 2H), 1.53 (m, 6H), 2.10 (m, 1H),2.14 (s, 3H), 2.28 (d, 2H), 6.98 (m, 1H), 7.08 (m, 1H), 7.29 (m, 1H).

Example 112-(Cyclopentylmethyl)-4-[(2-methylphenyl)amino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-5-pyrimidine-carbonitrile

In analogy to the preparation of Example 4, 1.25 g (43% of theory) ofthe title compound are obtained as a colorless solid from 2.48 g (9.45mmol) of methyl2-cyano-3-[(2-methylphenyl)amino]-3-(methylsulfanyl)-2-propenoate, 1.69g (10.33 mmol) of 2-cyclopentylethanamidine hydrochloride and 2.87 g(20.79 mmol) of potassium carbonate.

LC-MS (method 1): R_(t)=2.84 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=309 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ=1.07 (m, 2H), 1.42 (m, 2H), 1.52 (m, 2H),1.59 (m, 2H), 2.05 (m, 1H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.36 (d, 2H), 7.17 (m, 4H),9.47 (s, 1H), 12.24 (s, 1H).

Example 122-(Cyclopentylmethyl)-6-oxo-4-[(2-propylphenyl)amino]-1,6-dihydro-5-pyrimidine-carbonitrile

In analogy to the preparation of Example 4, 57 mg (49% of theory) of thetitle compound are obtained as a colorless solid from 0.1 g (0.34 mmol)of methyl2-cyano-3-(methylsulfanyl)-3-[(2-propylphenyl)amino]-2-propenoate, 0.06g (0.37 mmol) of 2-cyclopentylethanamidine hydrochloride and 0.1 g (0.76mmol) of potassium carbonate.

LC-MS (method 1): R_(t)=3.13 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=337 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ=0.84 (t, 3H), 1.07 (m, 2H), 1.52 (m, 8H),2.04 (m, 1H), 2.35 (d, 2H), 2.49 (m, 2H), 7.16 (m, 2H), 7.23 (m, 2H),9.44 (s, 1H), 12.20 (s, 1H).

Example 132-(Cyclopentylmethyl)-6-oxo-4-(3-pyridinylamino)-1,6-dihydro-5-pyrimidinecarbonitrile

0.1 g (0.40 mmol) of methyl2-cyano-3-(methylsulfanyl)-3-(3-pyridinylamino)-2-propenoate and 0.065 g(0.40 mmol) of 2-cyclopentylethanamidine hydrochloride and 0.16 g (1.60mmol) of triethylamine are dissolved in 0.5 ml of DMF and stirred at100° C. overnight. After cooling, the mixture is diluted with 10 ml ofwater and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic phase is driedover sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo, and the residue ispurified by flash chromatography (mobile phase: dichloromethane/methanol200:1, 100:1, 50:1). 78 mg (64% of theory) of the product are obtainedas a colorless solid.

HPLC (method 8): R_(t)=3.36 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=296 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ=1.05-1.20 (m, 2H), 1.37-1.75 (m, 6H), 2.16(m, 1H), 2.47 (d, 2H), 7.36 (m, 1H), 7.83 (m, 1H), 8.32 (m, 1H), 8.66(m, 1H), 9.80 (s, 1H), 12.48 (s, 1H).

Example 142-(2-Methylbutyl)-4-[(2-methylphenyl)amino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-5-pyrimidine-carbonitrile

In analogy to the preparation of Example 4, 105 mg (77% of theory) ofthe title compound are obtained as a colorless solid from 0.12 g (0.46mmol) of methyl2-cyano-3-(methylsulfanyl)-3-[(2-methylphenyl)amino]-2-propenoate, 0.07g (0.50 mmol) of 3-methylpentanamidine hydrochloride and 0.14 g (1.0mmol) of potassium carbonate.

LC-MS (method 2): R_(t)=2.06 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=297 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ=0.80 (d, 6H), 1.09 (m, 1H), 1.24 (m, 1H),1.74 (m, 1H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.32 (dd, 2H), 7.16 (m, 4H), 9.49 (s, 1H),12.27 (s, 1H).

Example 152-[(2S)-2-methylbutyl]-4-(2-methylphenyl)amino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-5-pyrimidine-carbonitrile

In analogy to the preparation of Example 4, 183 mg (80% of theory) ofthe title compound are obtained as a colorless solid from 0.2 g (0.76mol) of methyl2-cyano-3-(methylsulfanyl)-3-[(2-methylphenyl)amino]-2-propenoate, 0.17g (1.14 mmol) of (3S)-3-methylpentanamidine hydrochloride and 0.23 g(1.66 mmol) of potassium carbonate.

LC-MS (method 5): R_(t)=2.28 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=297 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ=0.78 (d, 6H), 1.09 (m, 1H), 1.21 (m, 1H),1.70 (m, 1H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 2.29 (dd, 2H), 7.16 (m, 4H), 9.49 (s, 1H),12.25 (s, 1H).

Example 164-[(5-Fluoro-2-methylphenyl)amino]-2-[(2S)-2-methylbutyl]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-5-pyrimidinecarbonitrile

In analogy to the preparation of Example 4, 182 mg (73% of theory) ofthe title compound are obtained as a colorless solid from 0.22 g (0.78mmol) of methyl2-cyano-3-[(5-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)amino]-3-(methylsulfanyl)-2-propenoate,0.17 g (1.17 mmol) (3S)-3-methylpentanamidine hydrochloride and 0.24 g(1.73 mmol) of potassium carbonate.

LC-MS (method 5): R_(t)=2.11 min.

MS (ESIpos): m/z=315 [M+H]⁺.

¹H-NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ=0.75 (d, 6H), 1.1 (m, 1H), 1.25 (m, 1H),1.71 (m, 1H), 2.1 (s, 3H), 2.26 (dd, 2H), 7.03 (m, 2H), 7.28 (m, 1H),9.51 (s, 1H), 12.36 (s, 1H).

Examples 17-58 listed in the table below are prepared in analogy to thepreparation of Example 4:

MS: HPLC or LC-MS Example Structure m/z [M + H]⁺ R_(t) [min] method 17

313 4.37 8 18

329 4.52 8 19

325 4.50 8 20

295 4.39 8 21

310 1.82 1 22

311 2.75 7 23

327 2.39 6 24

363 3.12 1 25

338 2.87 10 26

325 2.78 1 27

309 2.97 1 28

298 1.26 2 29

315 2.26 6 30

327 4.52 8 31

341 2.51 6 32

341 2.48 6 33

343 4.67 8 34

309 4.55 8 35

339 4.67 8 36

340([M + NH₄]⁺) 4.61 8 37

357 2.7  1 38

359 3.3  7 39

326 2.23 9 40

307 4.35 8 41

311 4.25 8 42

327 4.40 8 43

323 4.39 8 44

315 2.34 6 45

339 2.3  2 46

323 2.18 2 47

337 2.31 2 48

355 2.09 2 49

339 2.33 2 50

355 2.20 2 51

339 2.05 2 52

327 2.48 5 53

343 2.25 5 54

317 2.32 5 55

311 2.34 5 56

325 2.26 2 57

327 2.23 5 58

311 2.40 5 59

297 4.40 8

1. A compound of formula

in which A is C₁-C₈-alkyl, C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl, tetrahydrofuryl ortetrahydropyranyl, which are optionally substituted by up to 3 radicalsindependently of one another selected from the group of C₁-C₆-alkyl,C₁-C₆-alkoxy, hydroxycarbonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy,amino, hydroxy, C₁-C₆-alkylamino, halogen, C₁-C₆-alkylaminocarbonyl,C₁-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl andC₁-C₆-alkylthio, where C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylamino,C₁-C₆-alkylaminocarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl,C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl and C₁-C₆-alkylthio are optionally substituted byone or more radicals selected from the group of hydroxy, cyano, halogen,hydroxycarbonyl and a group of the formula —NR³R⁴, where R³ and R⁴ areindependently of one another hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl, or R³ and R⁴together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded are 5- to8-membered heterocyclyl, B is phenyl or heteroaryl which are optionallysubstituted by up to 3 radicals independently of one another selectedfrom the group of C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, hydroxycarbonyl, cyano,trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, amino, nitro, hydroxy,C₁-C₆-alkylamino, halogen, C₁-C₆-alkylaminocarbonyl,C₁-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl andC₁-C₆-alkylthio, where C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkylamino,C₁-C₆-alkylaminocarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl,C₁-C₆-alkylsulfonyl and C₁-C₆-alkylthio are optionally substituted by aradical selected from the group of hydroxy, cyano, halogen,hydroxycarbonyl and a group of the formula —NR³R⁴, where R³ and R⁴ havethe abovementioned meanings, or salts, solvates and/or solvates of thesalts thereof.
 2. A compound as claimed in claim 1, where A isC₁-C₅-alkyl or C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, which are optionally substituted by upto 3 radicals independently of one another selected from the group ofC₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, hydroxycarbonyl, cyano, amino, hydroxy,C₁-C₄-alkylamino, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C₁-C₄-alkoxycarbonyl,C₁-C₆-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₄-alkylsulfonyl and C₁-C₄-alkylthio, whereC₁-C₄-alkyl and C₁-C₄-alkoxy are optionally substituted by a radicalselected from the group of hydroxy, cyano, fluorine, chlorine, bromine,hydroxycarbonyl and a group of the formula —NR³R⁴, where R³ and R⁴ areindependently of one another hydrogen or C₁-C₄-alkyl, or R³ and R⁴together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded are 5- to6-membered heterocyclyl, B is phenyl, thienyl or pyridyl, which areoptionally substituted by up to 3 radicals in each case independently ofone another selected from the group of C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy,hydroxycarbonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, amino,hydroxy, C₁-C₄-alkylamino, fluorine, chlorine, bromine,C₁-C₄-alkylaminocarbonyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₄-alkylcarbonyl,C₁-C₄-alkylsulfonyl and C₁-C₄-alkylthio, where C₁-C₄-alkyl andC₁-C₄-alkoxy are optionally substituted by a radical selected from thegroup of hydroxy, cyano, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydroxycarbonyland a group of the formula NR³R⁴ where R³ and R⁴ have the abovementionedmeanings, or salts, solvates and/or solvates of the salts thereof.
 3. Acompound as claimed in claim 1, where A is C₃-C₅-alkyl orC₅-C₆-cycloalkyl, B is phenyl, thienyl or pyridyl, which are optionallysubstituted by up to 3 radicals in each case independently of oneanother selected from the group of C₁-C₃-alkyl, trifluoromethyl,hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, cyano, dimethylamino, diethylamino,methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, methylcarbonyl, ethylcarbonyl, fluorineand chlorine, or salts, solvates and/or solvates of the salts thereof.4. A process for preparing compounds of the formula (I), characterizedin that compounds of formula

are initially converted with a compound of the formulaH₂N—B  (III) in which B has the meanings stated in claim 1, at elevatedtemperature in an inert solvent or else in the absence of a solvent intoa compound of formula

in which B has the meanings stated in claim 1, and the latter is thenreacted in an inert solvent in the presence of a base with a compound ofthe formula

in which A has the meanings stated in claim 1, and the resultingcompounds of formula (I) are reacted where appropriate with theappropriate (i) solvents and/or (ii) bases or acids to give theirsolvates, salts and/or solvates of the salts.
 5. A medicament comprisingat least one of the compounds as claimed in claim 1 and at least onepharmaceutically acceptable, essentially nontoxic carrier or excipient.6. A method for improving perception, concentration, learning and/ormemory comprising administering to a human or animal an effective amountof a compound of claim
 1. 7. A method for treating impairments ofperception, concentration, learning and/or memory comprisingadministering to a human or animal an effective amount of a compound ofclaim
 1. 8. The method as claimed in claim 7, where the impairment is aconsequence of Alzheimer's disease.